POACEAE

The key features of the grass family are the spikelets with flowers in two rows, each flower with two bracts, and each spikelet subtended by two glumes (bracts). This is absent from Cyperaceae, but Aphelia from Centrolepidaceae has distichous spikes. The leaves almost always have ligules (fringes or lines of hairs across the leaf where it sheaths the stem). These are also present in some species of Cyperaceae.

CYPERACEAE

The key features of the sedge family are the spikelets with spirally arranged flowers, subtended by multiple bracts. Some Centrolepidaceae have a similar appearing inflorescence (though close inspection will reveal short pedicels on the flowers). The leaves of the sedges are often harder than those of Poaceae.

CENTROLEPIDACEAE

This family is made up of small, more or less tufted species that usually grow in boggy places. They can resemble moss cushions. The foliage is soft.

HYDATELLACEAE

This is a family of very small, grass-like species, that form tufts under permanent or temporary water. These tufts can resemble moss cushions. The inflorescences are terminal heads.